CASE  Unique case number for each ad (numbered within year)

PUBTYPE Publication in which ad ran.  01. New York Times OP-ED

DAY  Day of the month of publication (dd)

MONTH Month of publication (mm)

YEAR  Year of publication (yy)

DAYWEEK Day of the Week that ad ran.  1. Monday; 2. Tuesday; 3. Wednesday; 4. Thursday; 5. Friday; 6. Saturday; 7. Sunday

COAL  Coalition ad?  0. NO. Single sponsor; 1. YES. Two or more sponsors

SPONSOR Sponsor/payee of the ad (Unique code for each sponsor.  Coding Rules: [1] only code one sponsor per ad, [2] if multiple sponsors, code “top” one or the “top left” one).

OITYPE Type of organized interest (See TYPOLOGY OF ORGANIZED INTERESTS CODE SHEET.  OITYPE should be taken off of the SPONSOR CODE SHEET.  Modified from Schlozman & Tierney’s Organized Interests and American Democacy [1986] list).  01. Corporations; 02. Peak Business Associations; 03. Trade Associations; 04. Profesional Associations; 05. Labor Unions & Employee Organizations; 06. Farm Groups; 07. Citizens & Public Interest Groups; 08. Cause Groups; 09. Social Welfare & Advocacy Groups; 10. Civil Rights Groups; 11. Religious Groups; 12. Identity & Other Social Groups; 13. Public Interst Law Firms; 14. Institutions; 15. Individuals; 16. American Federal Executive Branch Institutions; 17. American State & Local Government Institutions; 18. American Intergovernment Associations; 19. Foreign Governments; 20. International & World Regional Organizations; 21. Miscellaneous Organizations/Groups

CORPTYPE Type of Corporation (modified Fortune 500 list).  If OITYPE = 01, then code type of corporation.  00. NOT APPLICABLE (OITYPE NOT EQUAL to 01); 01. Alcoholic Beverages (wine, beer and spirits); 02. Chemicals; 03. Commercial Banking Services (banks, saving institutions, etc.); 04. Commercial Insurance Services; 05. Computers, Computer Parts & Data Services; 06. Construction & Construction Materials (engineering,glass, etc.); 07. Defense & Aerospace; 08. Diversified Outsourcing Services (uniforms, Manpower); 09. Electronic & Electronic Equipment; 10. Energy Production & Distribution (petroleum refining, pipelines, etc.); 11. Food & Food Services (includes soft drinks, soap and cosmetics, etc.); 12. Forest Products; 13. Furniture; 14. Health Care & Medical Equipment; 15. Mail, Packages & Freight Delivery; 16. Media & Entertainment (publishing, printing, hotels, casinos, movies, etc.); 17. Merchandising and Wholesaling; 18. Mining, Metals & Metal Production; 19. Motor Vehicles & Parts; 20. Pharmaceuticals; 21. Public Utility Services; 22. Rubber and Plastics; 23. Scientific, Photo and Control Instruments; 24. Telecommunications; 25. Textile & Apparel; 26. Tobacco & Tobacco Products; 27. Transportation: Non-Auto (rail, barge, air); 28. Miscellaneous/Other
 

NCRPTYPE Type of Non-Coporate Industry.  If OITYPE = 02 - 06, then code type of non-coporate industry.  00. NOT APPLICABLE (OITYPE NOT EQUAL to 02 - 06 range); 01. Alcoholic Beverages (wine, beer and spirits); 02. Chemicals; 03. Commercial Banking Services (banks, saving institutions, etc.); 04. Commercial Insurance Services; 05. Computers, Computer Parts & Data Services; 06. Construction & Construction Materials (engineering,glass, etc.); 07. Defense & Aerospace; 08. Diversified Outsourcing Services (uniforms, Manpower); 09. Electronic & Electronic Equipment; 10. Energy Production & Distribution (petroleum refining, pipelines, etc.); 11. Food & Food Services (includes soft drinks, soap and cosmetics, etc.); 12. Forest Products; 13. Furniture; 14. Health Care & Medical Equipment; 15. Mail, Packages & Freight Delivery; 16. Media & Entertainment (publishing, printing, hotels, casinos, movies, etc.); 17. Merchandising and Wholesaling; 18. Mining, Metals & Metal Production; 19. Motor Vehicles & Parts; 20. Pharmaceuticals; 21. Public Utility Service; 22. Rubber and Plastics; 23. Scientific, Photo and Control Instruments; 24. Telecommunications; 25. Textile & Apparel; 26. Tobacco & Tobacco Products; 27. Transportation: Non-Auto (rail, barge, air); 28. Miscellaneous/Other; 29. Labor

ADTYPE Type of Ad.  Image Ads (related to creating a favorable public opinion; NOT POLICY related).  01. Organized Interest ID (what OI does/mission of OI/self-description); 02. Goodwill (id with popular causes, values, personalities); 03. Responsible Public Citizen (inform public of “good” works outside its venue); 04. Public Service (provide public with info for its use); 05. Miscellaneous.  Advocacy Ads (related to PUBLIC POLICY) 06. Ideological (general in content); 07. Defensive (defending itself); 08. Right to Reply (buying space); 09. Position-taking & Agenda-building (specific policy content); 10. Ally Recruitment (asking people to get involved politically); 11. Miscellaneous

ADCONT Content of Ad (Modified list from Congressional Quarterly Almanac).  00. NOT APPLICABLE (includes award announcements and congratulations); 01. Abortion & Family Planning; 02. Agriculture; 03. Appropriations; 04. Arts & Culture; 05. Banking & Finance; 06. Budget; 07. Congressional Affairs; 08. Defense; 09. Education; 10. Employment & Labor; 11. Energy; 12. Environment; 13. Executive Branch (inc. Post Office); 14. Government & Government Operations; 15. Health (inc. health care and health care delivery); 16. Industry & Regulation (inc. product liability); 17. International Affairs; 18. International Economic Development & Int’l Trade; 19. Law & Judiciary (inc. civil liberties & civil rights); 20. Politics & Elections; 21. Science (basic research, support for & regulation of science); 22. Social Policy (inc. Social Security); 23. Taxes; 24. Technology & Communication; 25. Transportation; 26. Miscellaneous -- Policy; 27. U.S. Economy
 
APPENDIX B: TYPES OF ORGANIZED INTERESTS

01: CORPORATIONS: bodies "formed and authorized by law to act as a single person although constituted by one or more persons and legally endowed with various rights and duties including the capacity of succession" (e.g. Mobil, Pfizer, NorthropGrumman).
02: PEAK BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS: "organizations that advance the general interest of business and industry" (U.S. Chamber of Commerce, National Association of Manufacturers).
03: TRADE ASSOCIATIONS: "voluntary nonprofit organizations in the same industry or trade" (e.g., American Bankers Association, American Petroleum Institute, National Association of Home Builders, Independent Insurance Agents of America).
04: PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS: organizations which "unite individuals of similar occupations" (e.g., American Medical Association, American Bar Association).
05: LABOR UNIONS AND EMPLOYEE ORGANIZATIONS: "groups composed of or fostered by employees which seek to promote the employees' interests in labor matters" (e.g., American Postal Workers Union, AFL-CIO, American Federation of Teachers).
06: FARM GROUPS: "organizations which "represent the interests of farmers" (e.g., American Farm Bureau Federation, National Farmers Organization, National Cattlemens’ Association).
07: CITIZENS OR PUBLIC INTEREST GROUPS: organizations "advancing policies which will benefit all members of society, not just the group's members only" (e.g., Common Cause, League of Women Voters, Public Citizen).
08: CAUSE GROUPS: "organizations that care intensely about a single (or a few) issues" (e.g. National Rifle Association, National Right to Life Committee, National Abortion and Reproductive Rights Action League, National Wetland Coalition, Clean Air Coalition, Americans for a Balanced Budget, U.S. Term Limits).
09: SOCIAL WELFARE/ADVOCACY GROUPS: organizations that "seek selective benefits on behalf of a group of persons who are in some way unable to represent their own interests" (Children's Defense Fund, Child Welfare League; Habitat for Humanity, National Rural Housing Coalition).
10: CIVIL RIGHTS GROUPS: organizations that seek public policies to protect and advance the civil rights and liberties of individuals (e.g., American Civil Liberties Union, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch).
11: RELIGIOUS GROUPS: organizations that seek to promote the identity and practice of a religion or religion generally (National Council of Churches, National Association of Evangelicals, United States Catholic Conference).
12: IDENTITY AND OTHER SOCIAL GROUPS: organizations that seek to promote the identity, community and well-being of a particular (non-religious) group of persons, such as those based on national origin or ethnicity (e.g., various nationality and ethnic groups; American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars,).
13: PUBLIC INTEREST LAW FIRMS: "organizations that primarily use legal strategies for shaping public policy" (Public Citizen Litigation Group, Washington Legal Foundation, Pacific Legal Foundation).
14: INSTITUTIONS: single entites, non-business and often non-profit, that seek to influence public policy (e.g., hosptials, colleges and universities, research centers, foundations, etc.)
15: INDIVIDUALS: person or persons, other than corporate entities, who seek to influence public policy.
16: AMERICAN FEDERAL EXECUTIVE BRANCH INSTITUTIONS: departments, agencies and government corporations of the Federal Government (U.S. Postal Service).
17: AMERICAN STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS; agencies of American state and local governments.
18: AMERICAN INTERGOVERNMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS: organizations of state and local governments and their agencies and officers (National Governors Conference, National League of Cities, National League of Cities, National Association of Counties).
19: FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS: agencies of foreign governments.
20: INTERNATIONAL AND WORLD REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: agencies of international and world regional organizations that seek to influence public policy in the United States (United Nations, Organization of American States, UNICEF).
21: MISCELLANEOUS ORGANIZATIONS: organizations that do not fit into any of the above categories.
 
APPENDIX C: TYPOLOGY OF ADVERTISEMENTS AND ADVERTORIALS

Commercial Advertisements directly promotes goods or services to create or increase markets and sales.

Institutional Advertisements are paid messages in the media by interests to create a favorable environment in which to pursue its goals. The major categories of institutional advertisements are image advertorials and advocacy advertorials.

• Image Advertorials are paid messages in the media by interests to create a favorable climate of opinion.  The types of image advertorials are:

• Organized Interest Identification Advertorials which bring the interest's name and logo to public attention.
• Goodwill Advertorials which identify the interest with popular values, causes or personalities.
• Responsible Citizen Advertorials which inform the public of the interest's "goodworks."
• Public Service Advertorials which provide information or advice to public audiences on matters on which the interest has expertise or which encourage political or community participation.
• Miscellaneous Advertorials (image advertorials which do not fit other categories)

• Advocacy Advertorials are paid messages in the media to win support for the interest's viewpoints on controversial issues of public values or policy.  The types of advocacy advertorials are:

• Ideological Advertorials which promote the basic values, principles, norms or institutions supported by the interest, or which criticize contrary or challenging views.
• Defensive Advertorials which explain and defend the interest's practices, positions or finances.
• Right-to-Reply Advertorials which respond to reports about the interest that it considers incomplete, inaccurate, unfair or biased.
• Position-Taking and Agenda-Building Advertorials which seek to place an issue of concern to an interest on the active policy agenda or which express and advocate the interest's position on a policy issue.
• Ally Recruitment Advertorials which ask the audience to support the interest's agenda-building or policy position with action (e.g., write to the White House or their Senators and representative in Congress).
• Miscellaneous Advertorials (advocacy advertorials which do not fit other categories)